**Military Conflict Between Israel and Hezbollah: A 40-Year Shadow War** For over four decades, a violent and covert conflict has persisted between Israeli intelligence agencies and the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah. This ongoing struggle has involved clandestine operations around the world since the 1980s. The roots of this conflict can be traced back to November 1982, shortly after Israel's invasion of Lebanon, which aimed to dismantle the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) that was then operating from the country. Following the PLO's expulsion from Beirut, it seemed that Israel had achieved a significant victory. However, this marked only the beginning of a complex and enduring rivalry. The shadow war between these two entities has evolved over the years, characterized by intelligence operations, military engagements, and a series of strategic maneuvers that have shaped the geopolitical landscape of the region.